What strikes our eyes is pulses of electromagnetic energy that our visual system sees as color. Lights wavelength, determines the hue, the color that's being experienced, and the Intensity, the amount of energy in light waves. Light enters the eye through the cornea, which then passes through the pupil. The iris regulates the amount of light entering the eye. Behind the pupil is the lens that focuses incoming rays into an image in a process called accommodation. The eyeball's surface on which rays focus is called the retina.
Color with various levels of Intensity
Hue (different wavelengths result in different colors) and Saturation (ratio of dominant wavelength to other wavelengths in the color)
Visual Processing
The retina processes information before routing it to the cortex. The retina relays its information to a corresponding location on the occipital lobe, the visual cortex at the back of the brain. Optical nerves connect to the thalamus, and the thalamus is connected to the visual cortex.
Photoreceptors
Light energy strikes through the rods and cones and produces chemical changes that generate neural signals. These signals activate the bipolar cells which then activates the ganglion cells. These axons form an optic nerve that carries information to the brain.
The opponent-process theory states that opposing retinal processes enables color vision.
Foveal Vision Problems
Nearsightedness: Nearby objects are seen more clearly then
distant objects
Farsightedness: faraway objects are seen more clearly then
near objects
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